Assessment of Tubewell Water Quality used for Irrigation in Kebbi State, North-Western, Nigeria
Asian Journal of Biology,
Page 16-22
DOI:
10.9734/ajob/2022/v14i430222
Abstract
Water is vital to the existence of all living organisms, but this valued resource is increasingly being threatened as human populations grow and demand for more water of high quality for domestic, agricultural and other economic activities like transportation and recreation increases. A field experiment was conducted with the aim of assessing the tubewell water quality used for irrigation in four (4) selected local Government Area of Kebbi State, North-Western Nigeria. From each local government area, water samples in triplicates were collected from in clean 2liter plastic bottles. Each water sample was analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (Ec), total dissolved solid (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium concentration (RSC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K). Sodium (Na), chloride (Cl-) and (P) using standard procedures. Result obtained showed that overall mean of pH, SAR, Ca, Mg, K, Na, P and Cl were 6.3, 1.5mg/l, 165.17mg/l, 128.0mg/l, 1.20, 7.47, 0.16 and 3.75 mg/l, respectively. However, Ca (165.17mg/l), and Mg (128.00mg/l) were observed to high concentration in almost all the selected local government areas. Furthermore, result obtained also revealed that tubewell water were high for the parameters considered and therefore special attention must be given to Bunza tubewell to avoid becoming saline or sodic which could have detrimental effects on growing crops.
Keywords:
- Tubewell
- water quality
- irrigation
- sodicity
- Nigeria
How to Cite
Augie, M. A., & Adegbite, M. A. (2022). Assessment of Tubewell Water Quality used for Irrigation in Kebbi State, North-Western, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Biology, 14(4), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v14i430222
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WHO. Guideline for Drinking Water Quality Vol.1 Recommendations. World Health Organization. Geneva. 2006:131.
Wilcox LV. Determining the quality of irrigation water. Agricultural Inf. Bull.194.USDA, Washington. D.C; 1958.
Choopra SL, Kanwar JS. Analytical Agricultural Chemistry.4th Edition, Kayani publishers, New Delhi. 1991:278.
Doneen LD. Notes on Water Quality in Agriculture. Water Science and Engineering Paper 4001. Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Univ. of California; 1964.
Du Preez JM. The Distribution of Ground water in Northern Nigeria.Geological Survey of Nigeria, Report No. 1188.Lagos, Nigeria; 1961.
Megersa G, Abdulahi J. Irrigation System in Israel: A Review Internal Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering; 2005.
Available:http://www.academicjoumais.org/UWREE.
Malin F, Max C, Finlayson, Line JG. Agriculture, Water and Ecosystem: Avoiding the Costs of Going too far. Natural Ecosystem Services. Peter Grundy, United Kingdom; 2007.
Adelana SMA, Olasehinde PI. High nitrate in Water Supply in Nigeria. Implication for Human Health. Water Resources. 2003;14(1):1-10.
Adamu GK. (An assessment of soil properties of Watari Irrigation Project, Kano State, Nigeria. Academic Research International. 2013;4(4):254-266.
Ajayi F, Ndawa M, Gningwe A. Halting the salt that kills crops. African Farmer. 1990;4:22-27.
Braildy NC, Weil. RR. The nature and properties of soil. 12th edition. Prentice hall. Inc. New Jersey. 1999;1:18-l69.
Bello S. Quality of irrigation water and soil characteristics of wetlands in sokoto metropolis. Unpublished B.Sc. Project. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto. 2001:69.
Dukes MD, Zotarelli L, Liu GD, Simonne EH. Principles and Practices of Irrigation Management for Vegetables UF/IAS Extension AE. 2005:260.
Rhoades JD. Quality of irrigation water. Soil Sci. 1972;113: 277 - 284.
Cooper CM, Lipe WM. Water quality and agriculture: Mississippi experience. J. Soil and Water Con. 1992;47(3):220-223
Tanji KK. Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. America Society of Civil Engineers; 1990.
Longenecker DE, Lyerly PF. B-876 Control of Soluble Salts in Farming and Gardening. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station. 1974:36.
Bauder TARM, Waskom, Davis JG. Colorada State University, Co-operativ Extension Fact Sheet N0.0506; 2007. Available: http://dickens.agrilife.org/file2011/03/ irriwtrqalstd. pdf
Chukwuma CE, Godwin CC, Joseph U, Orakwe CL, Kingsley NO. Irrigation Water Quality Index Assessment of Ele River in Parts of Anambra State of Nigeria. Archives of Current Research International. 2016;4(3):1-6.
KICL. Kebbi Investment Company limited Kebbi State, Nigeria. 2000:10-20.
American Public Health Association (APHA). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (21st ed.). Washington, DC: American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association, and Water and Environment Federation; 2005.
WHO. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 3rd Edition Incorporation the First and Second Agenda. Recommendations, World Health Organizations Geneva. 2008;1.
Augie MA. Assessment of the quality of tubewell water and irrigated fadama soils in Sokoto state, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc. Dissertation.Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering. Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. 2004:32-54.
Singh BR. Quality of irrigation water in Fadama lands of Northwestern Nigeria II. Tube wells water in Zamfara State. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science. 2000b;9:191-202.
Adegbola GA, Soyewo LT, Odey BO, Ajani AB. River water quality assessment and its suitability for irrigation purpose. FUDMINA Journal of Sciences (FJS). 2021;5(3):413 – 419.
Ayers RS, Westcot DW. Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Rev. 1, FAO, Rome. 1985:97.
Sanda AR, Sani A, Musa MU, Adamu UK, Adam IA, Almu H. River water quality assessment and suitability for irrigation in Northern sudan savanna, ecological zone of Nigeria. International Journal of Environment and Pollution Research. 2020;8(3):30-40.
Singh BR. Quality of irrigation water in fadama lands of North-Western Nigeria. I. Ground and Surface Water in Kebbi state. Nigerian Journal of Basic Appl. Sci. 2000a;9:133-148.
Richard LA. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils.U.S.D.A. Handbook, U.S. Government Printing Press. Washington D.C.1954:60.
Singh BR, Babaji GA, Ibrahim SA. Characteristics of the soil in Dundaye District 3. The Soils and Water Quality along the KandoliShela stream Valley, Nigeria. Journal of Basic and Applied Science. 1996;5:77-84.
Singh BR, Tsoho HK. Fertility and salinity/sodicity studies of the fadama soils in North-Western Nigeria III; in Sokoto State along the perennial surface water bodies. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2001;10:12-16.
Salifu M, Aidoo F, Saah M, Dickson H. Evaluating the Suitability of Groundwater for Irrigational Purposes in Some Selected Districts of the Upper West Region of Ghana. Applied Water Science. 2017:653–662.
Todd DK. Ground Water Hydrology. Second Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York; 1980.
FAO. Guidelines: Land Evaluation for Irrigated Agriculture. Soils Bulletin 55.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy; 1985.
KARD.Kebbi Agricultural and Rural Development Authority.Final report for the development of guidelines for sound management of surface and groundwater resources in fadama areas of Kebbi State. Resources and rural development, Abuja. Nigeria. 1998:185.
Roose EJ, Lelong F. Factors of the chemical composition of seepage and ground water in the inter-tropical zone (West Africa). J. Hydro. 1981;5: 1-22.
Augie MA, Adegbite MA, Sanda AR, Ahmed I, Ibrahim M, Zakari SI. Assessment of Soil Quality Irrigated with Tube Well Water at University Fadama Farm Jega, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero. Asian Soil Research Journal. 2019;2(2):1-7.
Kolawole OM, Afolayan O. Assessment of groundwater quality in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, February. 2017;13(1):111-126
A/TR.01- 3.UNEP Division of Early Warning and Assessment/GRID– Europe. Geneva in cooperation with GRID Sioux Falls and the Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA) Geneva; 2016. Available:http://www.gridunep.ch/activities/sustainable/tigris/Messopotamia
WHO. Guideline for Drinking Water Quality Vol.1 Recommendations. World Health Organization. Geneva. 2006:131.
Wilcox LV. Determining the quality of irrigation water. Agricultural Inf. Bull.194.USDA, Washington. D.C; 1958.
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